I have added and updated 3 different cards in my account, maybe more, since the latest one was added to the ingame option to "use card on file" in marketplace has updated. Being that said cards on file haven't been used in about 7 years, and the new cards have many times, I don't understand the discrepancy. It's annoying to have to go through the browser to add DBC when the functionality is supposed to be there already. Is this a known issue?
I've always presumed there is a limit to the number of cards shown whilst in the game, as I used to run into that error a lot back when LoN was a thing. Have you tried clearing all of those old cards off of your account management screen and see if the issue resolves itself?